Foreign exchange accounting or FX accounting consists in reporting, in a company’s presentation currency, all assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are denominated in foreign currencies. The rules that govern foreign exchange accounting are devised by accounting associations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). It is important not to confuse foreign exchange accounting, applicable to all companies that transact in foreign currencies with ‘Hedge Accounting’, an optional technique that modifies the normal accounting basis for recognising gains and losses on associated hedging instruments and hedged items, so that both are recognised in P&L (or OCI) in the same accounting period.